Vericiguat for the treatment of heart failure: mechanism of action and pharmacological properties compared with other emerging therapeutic options
Introduction: The significant morbidity and mortality in patients with heart failure (HF), notably in the most advanced forms of the disease, justify the need for novel therapeutic options. In the last year, the soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) stimulator, vericiguat, has drawn 窍门和秘籍来赢得更多 Expert Option 窍门和秘籍来赢得更多 Expert Option 窍门和秘籍来赢得更多 Expert Option the attention of the medical community following the report of reduced clinical outcomes in patients 窍门和秘籍来赢得更多 Expert Option 窍门和秘籍来赢得更多 Expert Option with worsening chronic HF (WCHF).
Areas covered: The authors review the available data on the mechanism of action of vericiguat (cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway), its clinical development program, its role in HF management, and its future positioning in the therapeutic recommendations.
Expert opinion: cGMP deficiency has deleterious effects on the heart and contributes to the progression of HF. Different molecules, including nitric oxide (NO) donors, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, and natriuretic peptides analogues, target the NO-sCG-cGMP pathway but have yielded conflicting results in HF patients. Vericiguat acts as a sGC 窍门和秘籍来赢得更多 Expert Option stimulator thus targeting the NO-sGC-cGMP pathway by a different mechanism that complements the current pharmacotherapy for 窍门和秘籍来赢得更多 Expert Option HF. Vericiguat has shown an additional statistical add-on therapy efficacy by reducing morbi-mortality in patients with WCHF. A better evaluation of HF severity might be an important determinant to guide the 窍门和秘籍来赢得更多 Expert Option 窍门和秘籍来赢得更多 Expert Option use of vericiguat among the available therapies.
Keywords: (5–8): cGMP pathway; heart failure (hf); heart failure hospitalization (hfh); heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (hfref); reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (lvef); sGC stimulator; soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC); ventricular remodeling; vericiguat; worsening chronic heart failure (wchf).窍门和秘籍来赢得更多 Expert Option
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An overview of ozanimod as a therapeutic option for adults with moderate-to-severe active ulcerative colitis
Introduction: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract involving a dysregulated immune response. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is involved in immune cell regulation. S1P-receptor modulators, such as ozanimod, inhibit lymphocyte migration and have therapeutic potential in UC.
Areas covered: Ozanimod is the first S1P-receptor modulator approved for the treatment of UC. It 窍门和秘籍来赢得更多 Expert Option acts as a functional antagonist, causing internalization of S1P receptors on T-cells. Lymphocyte egress 窍门和秘籍来赢得更多 Expert Option 窍门和秘籍来赢得更多 Expert Option from lymph nodes is inhibited, and migration to sites of active inflammation is curtailed. There are several S1P-receptor subtypes, present in various organs, which inform understanding of ozanimod's side-effect profile including bradycardia and macular edema. In this review, the authors discuss the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, and safety profile of ozanimod in the treatment of patients with moderate-to-severe UC.窍门和秘籍来赢得更多 Expert Option
Expert opinion: The S1P-receptor modulator ozanimod is an oral small molecule with a rapid onset of action and a novel therapeutic mechanism in the treatment of UC. It is an 窍门和秘籍来赢得更多 Expert Option effective treatment both in bio-naïve and bio-exposed patients. Although the safety profile of ozanimod looks favorable, more long-term data are needed. Further studies are required to compare ozanimod to currently available therapies to best define its positioning in UC treatment algorithms.
Keywords: Inflammatory bowel 窍门和秘籍来赢得更多 Expert Option disease; ozanimod; small molecules; sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators; ulcerative colitis.
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